CT Scan

A CT (Computed Tomography) scan, also known as a CAT scan, is a medical imaging procedure that uses X-rays and computer technology to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body. Unlike regular X-rays that show a flat image, CT scans provide 3D images that can show bones, soft tissues, and blood vessels in great detail.

CT scans are valuable diagnostic tools used to detect diseases, guide treatments, and monitor conditions. They're faster than MRIs and can be used in emergency situations. However, they do involve radiation exposure, which is an important consideration.

CT scans can examine:

• Head and Brain:

  • Strokes, tumors, bleeding
  • Head injuries
  • Sinus problems

• Chest:

  • Lung diseases (pneumonia, cancer)
  • Heart problems
  • Blood vessel issues

• Abdomen and Pelvis:

  • Organ diseases (liver, kidneys, pancreas)
  • Appendicitis
  • Tumors
  • Injuries

• Spine:

  • Fractures
  • Disc problems
  • Spinal cord issues

• Blood Vessels (CT Angiography):

  • Aneurysms
  • Blockages
  • Narrowing

• Bones:

  • Fractures
  • Tumors
  • Infections

Before Your CT Scan:

1. Clothing:

   • Wear comfortable, metal-free clothing
   • Remove jewelry, glasses, dentures
   • You may be asked to change into a gown

2. Food and Drink:

   • Depends on what's being scanned
   • May need to fast for 4-6 hours
   • May need to drink contrast material
   • Follow specific instructions

3. Contrast Material:

   • Some scans use contrast (iodine-based)
   • Injected through IV, swallowed, or given as enema
   • Helps highlight certain structures
   • Inform staff of allergies or kidney problems

4. Medications:

   • Take as usual unless told otherwise
   • Inform staff about all medications
   • May need to stop metformin (if diabetic)

5. Medical History:

   • Inform staff about:
     • Allergies (especially to contrast)
     • Kidney problems
     • Pregnancy or possibility
     • Previous reactions to contrast

During the Scan:

1. You'll lie on a table that slides into the CT scanner
2. The scanner is a large donut-shaped machine
3. You'll need to lie very still
4. The machine rotates around you
5. You may hear whirring or clicking sounds
6. The technologist can see and hear you
7. You may be asked to hold your breath briefly
8. The scan typically takes 10-30 minutes

With Contrast:

• May feel warm or have metallic taste
• Some people feel flushed
• Rarely, may feel nauseous
• These sensations are normal and temporary

Radiation Exposure:

• CT scans use ionizing radiation
• Modern scanners use lower doses
• Benefits usually outweigh risks
• Your doctor considers this when ordering

Minimizing Exposure:

• Only when medically necessary
• Lowest dose possible
• Alternative tests when appropriate
• Lead shielding when possible

Contrast Material:

• Generally safe
• Rare allergic reactions possible
• Can affect kidneys (especially if already impaired)
• Inform staff of kidney problems

Pregnancy:

• Avoid during pregnancy if possible
• Inform staff if pregnant or might be
• Alternative tests may be used
• Lead shielding if scan is necessary

Image Quality:

• CT provides very detailed images
• Can show many conditions
• Contrast enhances visibility of certain structures

Results:

• A radiologist interprets the images
• Results sent to your referring doctor
• Usually available within 1-2 days
• Your doctor will discuss findings with you

• Questions about results
• Concerns about the procedure
• Allergic reaction to contrast (after scan)
• Need for follow-up imaging

• Routine scan with normal results
• Understanding your results
• Following up as recommended

Radiation Worry:

• Modern CTs use lower doses
• Benefits usually outweigh risks
• Your doctor considers this
• One scan is generally safe

Claustrophobia:

• CT scanners are more open than MRI
• Usually not a problem
• Can see out both ends
• Let staff know if concerned

Contrast Concerns:

• Generally very safe
• Allergic reactions are rare
• Kidney issues are rare
• Benefits usually outweigh risks

Radiation doses vary by type of scan and body part. Modern CT scanners use lower doses than older machines. Your doctor considers the benefits versus risks when ordering a CT scan.

Both are generally safe. CT uses radiation (MRI doesn't), but CT is faster and better for some conditions. MRI is better for soft tissues and doesn't use radiation. Your doctor chooses based on what needs to be seen.

CT scans are generally avoided during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester. If a CT is necessary, your doctor will discuss risks and benefits. Always inform staff if you're or might be pregnant.

Contrast material helps highlight certain structures (blood vessels, organs, tumors). Some conditions are better seen with contrast, others without. Your doctor determines which is needed.

Most CT scan results are available within 1-2 days. Emergency scans may be read immediately. Your doctor's office will contact you with results and any needed follow-up.