Skin Cancer Prevention

Skin cancer develops when abnormal skin cells grow out of control. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds is the leading cause. The three main types—basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma—can often be prevented or found early.

Practicing sun-safe behaviors, avoiding indoor tanning, and examining your skin regularly are key steps. Early detection dramatically improves treatment outcomes, especially for melanoma.

1. Seek Shade: Stay under shade structures or umbrellas from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. when UV rays are strongest.
2. Cover Up:
   • Wear long-sleeved shirts, pants, and wide-brimmed hats
   • Use UV-blocking sunglasses
   • Choose tightly woven or UPF-rated clothing
3. Use Sunscreen:
   • Broad-spectrum SPF 30 or higher
   • Apply 15 minutes before going outdoors
   • Use 1 ounce (a shot glass) to cover exposed skin
   • Reapply every 2 hours and after swimming or sweating
4. Avoid Tanning Beds: Indoor tanning significantly increases melanoma risk.
5. Protect Children: Keep babies younger than 6 months out of direct sun and use shade and protective clothing; apply small amounts of sunscreen on exposed areas if needed.

• Monthly Skin Checks:
  • Examine head-to-toe, including scalp, soles, and between toes
  • Use mirrors or ask for help for hard-to-see areas
• Know the ABCDEs of Melanoma:
  • Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter larger than 6 mm, Evolving changes
• Document Changes:
  • Take photos or notes of moles or spots
  • Compare over time to identify new or changing lesions

• New or changing moles or spots
• Sores that do not heal within 4 weeks
• Spots that itch, bleed, or feel tender
• Multiple sunburns or blistering sunburns as a child
• Family history of melanoma or previous skin cancer diagnosis

• Adults should consider a baseline full-body skin exam by a dermatologist
• High-risk individuals (fair skin, many moles, personal/family history) may need annual or more frequent visits

• Plan outdoor activities in early morning or late afternoon
• Use UV index apps or weather reports to know daily risk
• Keep sunscreen and hats in visible places (entryway, beach bag) to build habits
• Stay hydrated; sun exposure often coincides with heat
• Encourage workplaces and schools to provide shade and allow sun-safe uniforms

• Medications: Some drugs (antibiotics, acne treatments, diuretics) increase sun sensitivity; follow guidance to avoid burns
• Vitamin D: Obtain through diet or supplements if needed rather than unprotected sun exposure
• Skin of Color: Though risk is lower, skin cancer can be diagnosed later; focus on palms, soles, nails, and mucous membranes during self-checks

Consistent sun protection, routine self-exams, and dermatology visits are the most effective strategies to prevent skin cancer or detect it early when it is highly treatable.